Etrax

Indications

Etrax is a rapid-acting anthelmintic that targets nematode nerve ganglia, quickly paralyzing the worm’s musculature. This paralysis results in the worm being expelled from the body through normal peristaltic action, typically within 24 hours of administration. While Etrax is primarily known to affect the neuromuscular system of nematodes, it may also inhibit the fumarate reductase system in certain helminths, contributing to its anthelmintic action. Etrax is effective in treating infections caused by the following gastrointestinal worms:

• Ascaris lumbricoides (Roundworm)
• Necator americanus (Hookworm)
• Ancylostoma duodenale (Hookworm)
• Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm)
• Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
• Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)
• Trichostrongylus colubriformis

Always consult a registered healthcare professional before using this medication.

Pharmacology of Etrax

The active ingredient in Etrax, Levamisole, is the laevo-isomer of tetramisole. It works by paralyzing intestinal worms, which are then naturally expelled from the body. Additionally, Levamisole helps to enhance cellular immune responses in humans, supporting the body’s defense mechanisms against infections.

Dosage and Administration

For effective treatment, Etrax should be taken as a single dose, preferably after a light meal. The recommended dosage is:

• Ages 1-4 years: 1 Tablet or 5 ml Syrup
• Ages 5-15 years: 2 Tablets or 10 ml Syrup
• Ages 16 years and older: 3 Tablets or 15 ml Syrup

For severe hookworm infections, a second dose may be administered 1 to 7 days after the initial treatment, depending on what is most suitable.

Always follow your doctor’s advice for the correct dosage.

Drug Interactions

• Levamisole may increase the toxicity of phenytoin.
• It enhances the bioavailability of ivermectin and reduces the bioavailability of albendazole.
• Alcohol consumption may cause a disulfiram-like reaction.

Contraindications

There are no absolute contraindications for using Levamisole, making it generally safe for most individuals.

Side Effects

Side effects are rare and usually mild. These may include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Dizziness or giddiness
• Headache

In rare cases, a syndrome similar to encephalopathy may occur 2-3 weeks after treatment.

Pregnancy and Lactation

While animal studies indicate that Levamisole does not cause teratogenic effects, it is important to weigh the potential benefits against any risks when using this medication during pregnancy.

Precautions and Warnings

• Ability to Drive or Operate Machinery: There is no evidence to suggest that Etrax impairs the ability to drive or operate machinery. Mild dizziness is a rare side effect but should not interfere with daily activities.
• Microfilaria and Fever: In cases of concurrent microfilaraemia, mild fever may occur.

Overdose Management

In case of overdose, it is recommended to counteract any potential anticholinesterase effects with atropine. Blood pressure and respiratory functions should be monitored. Sedatives should not be used.

Therapeutic Class

Etrax belongs to the Anthelmintic therapeutic class, effective in treating various parasitic worm infections.

Storage Conditions

• Tablets: Store at room temperature and protect from moisture.
• Syrup: Store at room temperature and shield from light.