Maxsulin Penset(30/70)

Indications

This product is indicated for the treatment of all type 1 diabetic patients and those with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled by diet, exercise, or oral hypoglycemic agents. It is also used during initial stabilization of diabetes in patients under stress due to severe infections or major surgery, particularly in individuals with diabetic nephropathy, hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome, and gestational diabetes.

Pharmacology

Human insulin (rDNA) is produced through recombinant DNA technology, mimicking the structure and function of natural insulin. It regulates glucose metabolism by promoting the uptake and utilization of glucose in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissues, while also reducing blood glucose levels by enhancing glycogenesis and inhibiting gluconeogenesis.

Human insulin (rDNA) formulations, such as 30/70 and 50/50, begin acting within 30 minutes of administration, peak in 2–8 hours, and last up to 24 hours.

Dosage & Administration

For type 1 diabetic patients, the typical daily insulin requirement ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 IU/kg. In pre-pubertal children, it may vary between 0.7 and 1.0 IU/kg, with higher doses required in cases of insulin resistance, such as during puberty or obesity. Initial doses for type 2 diabetic patients are generally lower, typically between 0.3 to 0.6 IU/kg/day.

The specific dosage, form, and timing of insulin administration should be personalized according to each patient’s needs, taking into account factors like diet, activity level, and intensity of physical exercise. Insulin should be used under medical supervision, and a meal or snack containing carbohydrates should follow an injection within 30 minutes. Insulin is administered subcutaneously into the upper arm, thigh, buttocks, or abdominal wall, with the latter site offering the fastest absorption.

Insulin Human (rDNA) 30/70 & 50/50 should never be administered intravenously.

Preparation before Injection:

1. Wash your hands.
2. Gently shake or rotate the vial to ensure the solution is mixed properly, and check for the normal appearance of insulin.
3. If using a new vial, remove the plastic protective cap and clean the rubber stopper with an alcohol swab.
4. Draw air into the syringe equal to the required insulin dose.
5. Insert the needle into the vial, inject the air, and then withdraw the correct insulin dose.
6. Check the syringe for air bubbles; if present, tap the syringe to remove them.

Injection Site:

Choose an area with loose skin, such as the upper arm, thigh, buttock, or abdomen. Rotate injection sites to avoid tissue damage, ensuring each site is at least 1 cm apart from the previous one.

Injection Technique:

1. Clean the injection site with an alcohol swab.
2. Insert the needle at a 45° angle to the skin.
3. Inject the insulin, holding the needle under the skin for at least 6 seconds to ensure the full dose is delivered.
4. Remove the needle and apply gentle pressure to the injection site without rubbing.

Drug Interactions

When taking oral contraceptives, adrenocorticotropic hormones, thyroid hormones, or other medications that raise blood sugar, you may need to adjust the insulin dose. Medications with hypoglycemic effects, such as salicylates and sulfonamides, may lower blood sugar, requiring a reduction in insulin dosage.

Contraindications

Insulin is contraindicated in individuals with hypoglycemia or those with a known hypersensitivity to insulin or any of its excipients.

Side Effects

Hypoglycemia is the most common side effect associated with insulin therapy, with symptoms often appearing suddenly. In rare cases, allergic reactions such as redness or itching at the injection site may occur but usually resolve within a few days. Allergic reactions may also be caused by factors unrelated to insulin, such as disinfectants or improper injection techniques.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Insulin does not cross the placental barrier, making it safe for use during pregnancy. It is also safe for nursing mothers, as it poses no risk to the infant.

Precautions & Warnings

Inadequate insulin therapy or abrupt discontinuation, particularly in type 1 diabetes, may lead to hyperglycemia. An overdose of insulin or skipping meals or engaging in intense exercise without adjusting the dose may result in hypoglycemia.

Therapeutic Class

Medium-acting insulin.

Storage Conditions

Store insulin at 2°C to 8°C in a refrigerator. Do not freeze. If insulin is being used within a short period, it can be stored at room temperature, but it should be kept in a cool place away from heat and light. Once opened, insulin can be stored at room temperature for up to one month.