Exephin IM

Indications:

Exephin is indicated for the treatment of the following major infections:

• Lower respiratory tract infections
• Acute Bacterial Otitis Media
• Skin and skin structure infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Gonorrhea
• Bacterial Septicemia
• Bone and joint infections
• Meningitis
• Prevention of postoperative infections
• Perioperative prophylaxis of infections associated with surgery

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Pharmacology:

Ceftriaxone is a third-generation broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic. It exhibits potent bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms by interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis. Ceftriaxone is notably stable against beta-lactamases and has a long plasma elimination half-life (6 to 9 hours), allowing for once-daily dosing in most cases. It is not metabolized, with 40-65% excreted unchanged in urine and the rest in bile. It is highly protein-bound (95%).

Dosage:

Adults:

• Usual dose: 1 to 2 g by IV or IM once daily (or in equally divided doses twice daily).
• Specific conditions:
  • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin infections, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Meningitis: 1 to 2 g IV or IM once daily; Maximum: 4 g/day.
  • Uncomplicated gonococcal infections: 250 mg IM as a single dose.
  • Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV as a single dose 30-120 minutes before surgery.

Infants and Children (1 month or older):

• Usual dose: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once daily (or in equally divided doses twice daily).
• Specific conditions:
  • Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Skin infections, Urinary tract infections, Bacterial Septicemia, Bone and joint infections: 50 to 75 mg/kg IV or IM once daily; Maximum: 2 g/day.
  • Acute bacterial otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM in a single dose; Maximum: 1 g/day.
  • Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV or IM in a single daily dose; Maximum: 4 g/day.

Duration of therapy: Continue for more than 2 days after signs and symptoms of infection have resolved; usual duration is 4 to 14 days, with longer therapy for complicated infections.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Administration:

• Intramuscular Injection: Dissolve 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone in 2 ml Lidocaine HCl 1% or 1 g in 3.5 ml.
• Intravenous Injection: Dissolve 250 mg or 500 mg in 5 ml of Water for Injection or 1 g in 10 ml, or 2 g in 20 ml.
• Administer over 2-4 minutes or by tubing infusion over 30 minutes at concentrations between 10 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL. A test dose should be administered to check patient tolerance.

The freshly reconstituted solution is recommended but maintains potency for at least 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C.

রেজিস্টার্ড চিকিৎসকের পরামর্শ মোতাবেক ঔষধ সেবন করুন

Interaction:

No drug interactions have been reported.

Contraindications:

• History of hypersensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

Side Effects:

Exephin is generally well tolerated. Some reported side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, glossitis.
• Cutaneous: Rash, pruritus, urticaria, edema, erythema multiforme.
• Hematologic: Eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, anemia, neutropenia.
• Hepatic: Elevations of SGOT or SGPT, bilirubinemia.
• CNS: Nervousness, confusion, sleep disturbances, headache, hyperactivity, convulsions, hypertonia, dizziness.
• Rare local phlebitis with IV administration, minimized by slow injection.

Pregnancy & Lactation:

• Safety in pregnancy has not been established; use only if absolutely indicated.
• Low concentrations are excreted in breast milk; caution is advised for lactating mothers.

Precautions & Warnings:

• Anaphylactic shock is a possibility; immediate treatment with intravenous epinephrine followed by glucocorticoids is necessary.
• Gallbladder sludge may occur; discontinue if symptoms arise. Conservative management is usually sufficient.
• Regular blood monitoring is advised during prolonged treatment.

Use in Special Populations:

• Not for use in neonates, especially premature or those up to 28 days old.

Overdose Effects:

• No specific antidote; treat symptomatically.

Therapeutic Class:

• Third generation Cephalosporins.

Storage Conditions:

• Store vial in a cool, dry place (below 30°C), away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.