Arixon 1gm IV

Indications

Arixon is prescribed for the treatment of several serious infections, including:

• Lower respiratory tract infections
• Acute bacterial otitis media
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Gonorrhea
• Bacterial septicemia
• Bone and joint infections
• Meningitis
• Prevention of postoperative infections
• Surgical infection prevention (perioperative prophylaxis)

Pharmacology

Arixon contains Ceftriaxone, a broad-spectrum, third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic administered parenterally. It exhibits potent bactericidal action against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Similar to other cephalosporins and penicillins, Ceftriaxone disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial death. One of its distinguishing features is its resilience against beta-lactamase enzymes. Moreover, its prolonged plasma half-life (6-9 hours) makes it suitable for single or once-daily dosing. Ceftriaxone is not metabolized in the body, with 40-65% excreted unchanged via the urine, while the rest is eliminated in bile and feces in an inactive form. It also binds highly to proteins (95%).

Dosage

Adults:
Typical dosage: 1-2 gm, administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) once daily or divided into two doses.

• For pneumonia, bronchitis, otitis media, skin/soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, septicemia, bone/joint infections, and meningitis: 1-2 g IV/IM once daily or divided into two doses. Maximum dose: 4 g/day.
• Uncomplicated gonorrhea: 250 mg IM, single dose.
• Surgical prophylaxis: 1 g IV, administered 30-120 minutes before surgery.

Infants & Children (1 month or older):
Usual dose: 50-75 mg/kg IV or IM, once daily or divided into two doses.

• Pneumonia, bronchitis, skin/soft tissue infections, UTI, septicemia, bone/joint infections: 50-75 mg/kg IV/IM once daily or divided into two doses. Maximum dose: 2 g/day.
• Acute otitis media: 50 mg/kg IM, single dose. Maximum dose: 1 g/day.
• Meningitis: 100 mg/kg IV/IM, once daily or divided into two doses. Maximum dose: 4 g/day.

Duration: Continue for at least two days post-symptom resolution. Typical treatment lasts 4-14 days, and complicated cases may require extended therapy.
Use only as directed by a physician.

Administration Instructions

Preparation for IM/IV Injections:

• Intramuscular: Dissolve 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone in 2 ml Lidocaine HCI 1%, or 1 g Ceftriaxone in 3.5 ml Lidocaine HCI 1%.
• Intravenous: Dissolve 250 mg or 500 mg Ceftriaxone in 5 ml sterile water, 1 g in 10 ml, or 2 g in 20 ml of sterile water.

Administer via IM/IV injection over 2-4 minutes, or as a 30-minute infusion (concentration: 10-40 mg/mL). Perform a tolerance test before initiating treatment. Freshly prepared solutions are recommended, but they remain stable for up to 6 hours at room temperature or 24 hours at 5°C.
Use only as directed by a physician.

Drug Interactions

No significant drug interactions have been reported.

Contraindications

Arixon should not be used by individuals with known allergies to cephalosporin antibiotics.

Side Effects

Arixon is generally well-tolerated. However, some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, and glossitis; skin reactions like rash, itching, hives, and edema; hematologic reactions including eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia, and neutropenia; hepatic enzyme elevations; and neurological effects like headaches, dizziness, confusion, and sleep disturbances. Localized reactions like phlebitis may occur with IV administration but can be minimized with slower injections.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Safety during pregnancy has not been firmly established. Use Arixon during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Low concentrations of Ceftriaxone pass into breast milk, so caution should be taken when administering to nursing mothers.

Precautions & Warnings

Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock, may occur even with a detailed patient history. Emergency treatment, such as IV epinephrine and glucocorticoids, should be available. Rarely, gallbladder sonograms may show sludge, which usually resolves after discontinuing Arixon. Regular blood tests are recommended during prolonged treatment.

Special Populations

Arixon should not be used in premature infants or newborns under 28 days old.

Overdose Management

There is no specific antidote for Arixon overdose. Treatment should be supportive and symptom-based.

Therapeutic Class

Third-generation cephalosporins.

Storage Instructions

Store in a cool, dry place below 30°C, away from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.