Indications
Zox is prescribed for managing diarrhea triggered by Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica infections.
Pharmacology
Nitazoxanide serves as a synthetic oral antiprotozoal agent. Its antiprotozoal action is thought to disrupt the Pyruvate Ferredoxin Oxido Reductase (PFOR) enzyme-dependent electron transfer process, crucial for the anaerobic energy metabolism of protozoa. Both Nitazoxanide and its metabolites, tizoxanide, exhibit in vitro activity in inhibiting the growth of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites and oocysts, as well as Giardia lamblia trophozoites.
Dosage & Administration
For ages 1-3 years: Administer 1 teaspoon or 5 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days. For ages 4-11 years: Administer 2 teaspoons or 10 ml suspension every 12 hours for 3 days. For ages 12 years and above: Administer 5 teaspoons (25 ml) suspension or 1 tablet every 12 hours for 3 days.
Administration with food is recommended.
Interactions
Due to its high plasma protein binding, caution is advised when administering Zox concurrently with other drugs highly bound to plasma proteins, especially those with narrow therapeutic indices.
Contraindications
Zox is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to Nitazoxanide or any components of the formulation.
Side Effects
Common side effects reported with Zox include abdominal pain, vomiting, and headache, typically mild and transient. Rare side effects may include nausea, anorexia, flatulence, increased appetite, enlarged salivary glands, elevated creatinine & SGPT levels, pruritus, rhinitis, sweating, dizziness, and changes in urine color.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Nitazoxanide falls under US FDA pregnancy category B. However, due to limited studies in pregnant women, caution is advised, and it should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Nitazoxanide has been detected in human milk, so caution is recommended during lactation.
Precautions & Warnings
Exercise caution when administering Zox to patients with hepatic & biliary diseases or renal impairment.
Therapeutic Class
Zox belongs to the therapeutic class of Anti-diarrheal Antiprotozoals.
Storage Conditions
Store in a dry place, away from light and heat, and keep out of reach of children.
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