Zapenia 100

Indications

Zapenia is prescribed for:

• Schizophrenia: For patients who do not respond to or cannot tolerate conventional antipsychotic medications.
• Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: To manage psychotic symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease.

Always consult a registered healthcare professional before using this medication.

Pharmacology

Zapenia (Clozapine) is categorized as an atypical antipsychotic due to its unique binding profile to dopamine receptors, which sets it apart from traditional antipsychotics. It interacts with D1, D2, D3, and D5 receptors, with a strong affinity for the D4 receptor, indicating its preferential activity in limbic areas, minimizing extrapyramidal side effects. Additionally, Clozapine antagonizes adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, and serotonergic receptors.

Dosage & Administration

• For Schizophrenia: Adults (16+ years) start with 12.5 mg once or twice on the first day, then 25-50 mg on the second day. Gradually increase by 25-50 mg daily over 14-21 days, up to a maximum of 300 mg daily, divided into doses (preferably larger at night). The usual dosage range is 200-450 mg daily, not exceeding 900 mg.
• For Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Start with 12.5 mg at bedtime, increasing as needed up to a usual maximum of 50 mg daily.

Consult a registered healthcare professional for personalized advice.

Interactions

Zapenia may interact with myelosuppressants, CNS-active drugs, and alcohol. Caution is advised with benzodiazepines, as orthostatic hypotension may occur. It may also interact with highly protein-bound drugs, leading to potential displacement effects. Monitoring is essential when combined with drugs that influence CYP450 metabolism.

Contraindications

Zapenia is contraindicated in individuals with severe cardiac disorders, renal impairment, a history of neutropenia, or those breastfeeding.

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Mild dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
• Constipation, increased salivation
• Weight gain

Rare side effects may involve abdominal discomfort or heartburn.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Clozapine should be used in pregnancy only if necessary, as there are no adequate studies in pregnant women. It’s contraindicated during breastfeeding due to potential secretion in milk.

Precautions & Warnings

• Do not abruptly discontinue Zapenia; taper off gradually.
• Regular monitoring of white blood cell counts is essential to mitigate the risk of agranulocytosis.
• Caution is advised in elderly patients due to increased susceptibility to side effects.
• Monitor for signs of myocarditis or cardiomyopathy, particularly in the first month of treatment.

Overdose Effects

Symptoms of overdose may include altered consciousness, tachycardia, and respiratory depression. Management includes maintaining airway patency and monitoring vital signs. There is no specific antidote for Zapenia.

Therapeutic Class

Atypical neuroleptic drugs

Storage Conditions

Store below 30°C, away from light and out of reach of children.