Piodar 15

Indications:

Piodar is used to manage blood sugar levels in adults with Type II diabetes (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) as an adjunct to diet and exercise. It is effective as a monotherapy or in combination with sulphonylureas, Metformin, or insulin when single-agent treatment does not provide adequate glycaemic control.

Pharmacology:

Piodar (Pioglitazone) belongs to the thiazolidinedione class of oral antidiabetic medications. It works by enhancing insulin sensitivity in muscle and liver tissues, which helps in the improved disposal of glucose and reduced hepatic glucose production. Additionally, Pioglitazone helps correct lipid metabolism issues by activating PPAR-γ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma).

Dosage & Administration:

Piodar is typically taken once daily with or without food. For monotherapy, the starting dose is 15 mg or 30 mg daily. If needed, the dose can be increased to a maximum of 45 mg per day. If the monotherapy is insufficient, Piodar can be combined with other diabetes medications such as sulphonylureas or insulin.

• Maximum dose: 45 mg daily (Higher doses not studied in clinical trials)

Drug Interactions:

• Oral Contraceptives: Co-administration with birth control containing ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone may reduce the efficacy of both drugs.
• No significant interactions with other antidiabetic medications have been reported, but liver function should be monitored during combination therapy.

Contraindications:

Piodar should not be used by individuals with known hypersensitivity to Pioglitazone or any of its components. It is not recommended for patients with Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.

Side Effects:

Common side effects include:

• Upper respiratory tract infections (13.2%)
• Headaches (9.1%)
• Sinusitis (6.3%)
• Myalgia (5.4%)
• Tooth disorder (5.3%)
• Pharyngitis (5.1%)

Serious side effects are rare but can include liver dysfunction and edema.

Pregnancy & Lactation:

• Pregnancy: Pioglitazone should only be used in pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks, as no adequate studies are available.
• Lactation: It is unknown if Pioglitazone passes into breast milk. It should not be used during breastfeeding.

Precautions & Warnings:

• Liver Function: Regular liver enzyme monitoring is recommended, particularly for those with existing liver issues.
• Not for Type 1 Diabetes: Piodar is not intended for the treatment of Type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.
• Caution in Combination Therapy: If used with other antidiabetic agents, monitor for signs of hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction.

Therapeutic Class:

Thiazolidinedione Group (TZD)

Storage Conditions:

Store at a controlled room temperature of 25°C, away from direct light and moisture.