Nintoin

Indications

Nintoin is specifically formulated for the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, as well as certain strains of Klebsiella and Enterobacter species.

Consult a registered healthcare professional before using this medication.

Pharmacology

Nitrofurantoin is a targeted antibacterial agent designed to treat urinary tract infections. It is highly soluble in urine, which may result in a brown discoloration. Nitrofurantoin works by inactivating or modifying bacterial ribosomal proteins and other essential macromolecules. It has demonstrated effectiveness against a variety of bacteria, including:

• Gram-Positive Aerobes:
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Coagulase-negative staphylococci (including Staphylococcus epidermidis)
  • Enterococcus faecalis
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus agalactiae
  • Group D streptococci
  • Viridans group streptococci
• Gram-Negative Aerobes:
  • Escherichia coli
  • Citrobacter species (including Citrobacter amalonaticus, Citrobacter diversus, Citrobacter freundii)
  • Klebsiella oxytoca
  • Klebsiella ozaenae

Dosage

Nitrofurantoin Tablets (Adults):

• Uncomplicated UTIs: 50-100 mg taken four times daily. It is advisable to use the lower dosage, continuing therapy for one week or at least 3 days after urine sterility is confirmed.
• Long-term Suppressive Therapy: A reduced dose of 50-100 mg at bedtime may be sufficient.

Nitrofurantoin Capsules (Adults):

• Acute Uncomplicated UTIs: 50 mg four times daily for 7 days.
• Long-term Suppression: 50-100 mg once daily.
• Prophylaxis: 50 mg four times daily during the procedure and for three days following.

Nitrofurantoin SR Capsules:

• Adults and Children over 12 years: One 100 mg capsule every 12 hours for seven days.
• Genito-Urinary Surgical Prophylaxis: One capsule twice daily on the day of the procedure and for the next three days.

Nitrofurantoin Suspension (Children):
For children older than one month:

• 5-7 mg/kg/day divided into four doses. The average doses are as follows:
  • 7 to 11 kg: ½ teaspoonful (2.5 ml) four times daily.
  • 12 to 21 kg: 1 teaspoonful (5 ml) four times daily.
  • 22 to 30 kg: 1½ teaspoonfuls (7.5 ml) four times daily.
  • 31 to 41 kg: 2 teaspoonfuls (10 ml) four times daily.

Continue therapy for one week or at least 3 days after urine sterility is achieved. For long-term suppressive therapy, lower doses of 1 mg/kg per 24 hours may be adequate.

Consult a registered healthcare professional before using this medication.

Administration

Nitrofurantoin should be taken with food for optimal absorption.

Consult a registered healthcare professional before using this medication.

Interactions

The co-administration of antacids containing magnesium trisilicate can reduce the absorption of Nitrofurantoin, as can uricosuric drugs like Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazone, which may inhibit its renal tubular secretion.

Contraindications

Nintoin is contraindicated in patients with:

• Anuria or oliguria
• Significant renal impairment
• Pregnant women in the 38-42 weeks gestation period, during labor, and delivery
• Known hypersensitivity to Nitrofurantoin

Side Effects

Common adverse reactions may include:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Flatulence

Less frequent side effects may encompass:

• Diarrhea
• Dyspepsia
• Abdominal pain
• Constipation
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Drowsiness

Pregnancy & Lactation

Nitrofurantoin is classified as Pregnancy Category B. There are insufficient well-controlled studies in pregnant women, so it should only be used if necessary. Nitrofurantoin can be found in trace amounts in breast milk, posing potential risks to nursing infants under one month. A careful decision should be made regarding the continuation of nursing or the medication, weighing the benefits to the mother against potential risks.

Precautions & Warnings

Discontinue Nintoin if any acute, sub-acute, or chronic pulmonary reactions occur. Avoid antacids containing magnesium trisilicate while taking Nintoin.

Overdose Effects

While acute overdosage of Nintoin is rare, it typically results in vomiting. Inducing vomiting is recommended in such cases.

Therapeutic Class

Systemic Urinary Anti-Infective

Storage Conditions

Store below 30°C, away from light, and out of reach of children.