Glarine 100IU

Indications

Glarine is prescribed to enhance glycemic control in:

• Adults and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
• Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
  Consult a registered physician before use.

Pharmacology

Insulin Glargine is a sterile, long-acting insulin analogue designed for subcutaneous injection. With a duration of action up to 24 hours, it effectively regulates blood glucose levels. This recombinant DNA-derived insulin mimics natural insulin, promoting peripheral glucose uptake (primarily by skeletal muscle and fat) and reducing hepatic glucose production. Additionally, it inhibits lipolysis and proteolysis while enhancing protein synthesis.

Dosage and Administration

Dosing Guidelines

• Type 1 Diabetes: Insulin Glargine should be part of a regimen with short-acting insulin. The initial dose typically comprises one-third of the total daily insulin requirement.
• Type 2 Diabetes: For insulin-naïve patients, start with 10 units (or 0.2 Units/kg) once daily, adjusting as needed.

Switching to Insulin Glargine

• From once-daily NPH insulin: Begin with the same dose as NPH insulin.
• From twice-daily NPH insulin: Use 80% of the total NPH dose to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.

Administration Guidelines

• Inject subcutaneously once daily, ensuring consistent timing each day.
• Avoid intravenous administration as it may cause severe hypoglycemia.

For Cartridge Use

1. Load the cartridge into the pen and attach the needle.
2. Gently invert the pen 8-10 times for uniform mixing.
3. Adjust the dosage, expel air bubbles, and inject.

For Vial Use

1. Rotate the vial gently to mix the solution.
2. If new, remove the protective cap and clean the stopper.
3. Draw air into the syringe, inject into the vial, and withdraw the required dose.
4. Remove air bubbles before injection.

Injection Sites

• Suitable areas: abdomen, thigh, upper arm, or buttock. Rotate sites to prevent tissue damage.
• Injection technique: Clean the area, insert the needle at a 45° angle, inject, then apply gentle pressure without rubbing the site.

Consult a registered physician before use.

Interactions

Certain medications may alter glucose metabolism, necessitating dose adjustments:

• Lowering effect: Oral anti-diabetics, ACE inhibitors, fluoxetine, salicylates, and sulfonamides.
• Increasing effect: Thiazides, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, beta-sympathomimetics, and growth hormones.
• Variable effect: Beta-blockers, clonidine, and alcohol.

Contraindications

Do not use Insulin Glargine in patients with hypersensitivity to its components.

Side Effects

Potential side effects include:

• Hypoglycemia
• Allergic reactions
• Injection site irritation
• Lipodystrophy
• Itching or rash

Pregnancy and Lactation

• Pregnancy: Use only if benefits outweigh potential risks (Category C).
• Lactation: Caution is advised as it is unclear if Insulin Glargine passes into breast milk.

Precautions and Warnings

• Blood glucose monitoring is essential.
• Do not dilute or mix Insulin Glargine with other solutions or insulins.
• Use cautiously in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.

Overdose Management

Overdose may lead to hypoglycemia:

• Mild cases: Treat with oral carbohydrates.
• Severe cases: Administer parenteral glucose or glucagon.

Therapeutic Class

Long-acting insulin.

Storage Instructions

Store between 2°C to 8°C in a refrigerator. Do not freeze. Protect from light.