Abetis Plus

Indications

Abetis Plus Tablet is primarily used for the management and treatment of hypertension.
Always follow the guidance of a registered healthcare professional when using this medication.

Pharmacology

Abetis Plus combines two key active ingredients, Olmesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, which work synergistically to manage high blood pressure.

• Olmesartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). It targets the AT1 receptors in various tissues like the vascular smooth muscles and adrenal glands. By blocking angiotensin II, it prevents vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) and the secretion of aldosterone, both of which contribute to high blood pressure. Olmesartan does not interfere with ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), the enzyme responsible for converting angiotensin-I to angiotensin-II.
• Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic. It works by reducing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the renal tubules, leading to increased excretion of these electrolytes. This process reduces plasma volume, indirectly increasing renin and aldosterone secretion, and can cause potassium loss in the urine. However, when combined with Olmesartan, the potassium loss is mitigated, as Olmesartan helps counteract this effect.

Dosage & Administration

For hypertension, the typical starting dose is 20/12.5 mg once daily. Based on the patient’s blood pressure response, the dose may be gradually increased to 40/25 mg once daily after 2-4 weeks.
It is important to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions when taking this medication.

Drug Interactions

• Olmesartan: No significant interactions have been observed when Olmesartan is co-administered with Hydrochlorothiazide, digoxin, or warfarin in healthy individuals. It is not metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, so it is unlikely to interact with drugs affecting these enzymes.
• Hydrochlorothiazide: Possible interactions when taken with other medications include:
  • Alcohol, barbiturates, or narcotics: Can increase the risk of orthostatic hypotension (a drop in blood pressure when standing).
  • Antidiabetic medications: May require dosage adjustments.
  • Other antihypertensive drugs: May have an additive effect.
  • Corticosteroids, ACTH, and Lithium.

Contraindications

This medication should not be used in individuals who are hypersensitive to any of its components. Additionally, it is contraindicated in patients with anuria or sulfonamide hypersensitivity due to the Hydrochlorothiazide component.

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Nausea
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Hyperuricemia (increased uric acid levels)
• Upper respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections

Other potential side effects include:

• Chest pain
• Back pain
• Edema (swelling)
• Abdominal pain
• Dyspepsia (indigestion)
• Diarrhea

Pregnancy & Lactation

The safety and efficacy of Abetis Plus in pregnant and breastfeeding women have not been established. It is recommended to discontinue use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Precautions & Warnings

• Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes is advised to detect any imbalances, including hypokalemia (low potassium), hyponatremia (low sodium), and hypochloremic alkalosis (low chloride).
• Hyperuricemia may occur in some patients taking thiazide diuretics.
• Use with caution in patients with impaired renal function.

Use in Special Populations

• Renal Impairment: This medication should be used with caution if the patient’s creatinine clearance is less than 30 mL/min. For more severe renal impairment, loop diuretics may be more appropriate.
• Hepatic Impairment: No dosage adjustments are necessary for patients with mild to moderate hepatic impairment.
• Pediatric Use: The safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
• Geriatric Use: There is insufficient data to determine whether older patients (65 and above) respond differently to this combination. Caution should be taken when prescribing to elderly patients.

Overdose Effects

• Olmesartan: Overdose may lead to hypotension (low blood pressure) and tachycardia (increased heart rate). Treatment should focus on supportive care.
• Hydrochlorothiazide: Overdose can result in electrolyte depletion, including hypokalemia and dehydration, particularly with excessive diuresis. If digitalis is used concurrently, hypokalemia may worsen cardiac arrhythmias.

Therapeutic Class

This product falls under the category of combined antihypertensive preparations.

Storage Conditions

Store Abetis Plus in a cool, dry place, away from direct light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.