Paloxiron 0.5

Indications

Paloxiron is effective in the management of:

• Acute and delayed nausea and vomiting
• Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), including both acute and delayed CINV
• Radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV)
• Post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV)

Note: Use under the guidance of a registered healthcare professional.

Pharmacology

Palonosetron is a potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, blocking serotonin-induced nausea and vomiting by acting on 5-HT3 receptors in the small intestine and brain. It works by inhibiting the serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells, which triggers vomiting through activation of the vagus nerve and the chemoreceptor trigger zone. Its long half-life and high receptor binding affinity make it highly effective in controlling nausea.

Dosage & Administration

• For Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV):
  • Oral: 0.5 mg, 1 hour before chemotherapy
  • IV: 0.25 mg, 30 minutes before chemotherapy
• For Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (RINV):
  • IV: 0.25 mg, 30 minutes before radiation session
• For Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV):
  • IV: 0.075 mg, before anesthesia induction
• Pediatric Dosing (1 month-17 years): IV dose of 20 mcg/kg body weight, max 1.5 mg

Note: Dosage recommendations should be followed as per the doctor’s instructions.

Interaction

Paloxiron has minimal interaction with other medications. It has been safely used with corticosteroids, analgesics, antiemetics, and antispasmodics. There is no significant interaction with metoclopramide or common chemotherapy drugs, indicating a low potential for clinically significant drug interactions.

Contraindications

Paloxiron should not be used in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or its components.

Side Effects

Common side effects include:

• Headache
• Constipation

Pregnancy & Lactation

• Pregnancy Category B: No evidence of harm to the fetus in animal studies, but use during pregnancy should be considered only if necessary.
• Breastfeeding: The excretion of Palonosetron in breast milk is unknown, and its use during lactation is not recommended.

Use in Special Populations

• Elderly: No dosage adjustments needed for patients over 65 years.
• Renal & Hepatic Impairment: No dosage adjustments required for patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction.
• Children: Safe for children aged 1 month to 10 years with proper IV dosing.

Overdose Effects

• No known antidote. Overdose should be managed with supportive care.

Therapeutic Class

Anti-emetic Drugs

Storage Conditions

Store in a cool, dry place away from light. Keep out of reach of children.