Indications
Linzolid is prescribed for the treatment of:
- Nosocomial pneumonia
- Community-acquired pneumonia
- Complicated skin and skin structure infections, including diabetic foot infections (without accompanying osteomyelitis)
- Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections
- Infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium
Limitations of Use: Linzolid is not suitable for treating Gram-negative infections. The safety and efficacy of Linzolid for durations longer than 28 days have not been established in controlled clinical trials.
Consult a registered healthcare professional before use.
Pharmacology
Linezolid is a synthetic antibacterial agent belonging to the oxazolidinones class. It exhibits in vitro activity against Gram-positive aerobic and certain anaerobic bacteria. Linezolid works by selectively inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through a unique mechanism. It binds to the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, blocking the formation of the essential 70S initiation complex necessary for bacterial translation. Time-kill studies indicate that Linezolid is bacteriostatic against enterococci and staphylococci, while it is mostly bactericidal against streptococci.
Dosage & Administration
- Oral Route: Linezolid tablets can be taken with or without food.
- IV Infusion: Administer intravenously over 30 to 120 minutes.
Recommended Dosage:
| Infection | Pediatric Patients (birth to 11 years) | Adults & Adolescents (12 years and older) | Duration (days) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nosocomial pneumonia | 10 mg/kg every 8 hours | 600 mg every 12 hours | 10 to 14 |
| Community-acquired pneumonia | 10 mg/kg every 8 hours | 600 mg every 12 hours | 14 to 28 |
| Complicated skin and skin structure infections | 10 mg/kg every 8 hours | 600 mg every 12 hours | 14 to 28 |
| Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections | <5 years: 10 mg/kg every 8 hours | 400 mg every 12 hours | 10 to 14 |
Note: Adjustments are not needed when switching from IV to oral forms. Monitor hepatic impairment closely.
Consult a registered healthcare professional before use.
Interactions
Linzolid is a reversible, nonselective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, which can interact with adrenergic and serotonergic medications. Patients taking Linzolid should avoid large amounts of tyramine-rich foods and be monitored for serotonin syndrome.
Contraindications
Linzolid should not be used in individuals with known hypersensitivity to its components or those taking MAO inhibitors. It is also contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, or carcinoid syndrome.
Side Effects
Common adverse effects include diarrhea, headache, and nausea. Other effects may include oral or vaginal moniliasis, hypertension, and dyspepsia.
Pregnancy & Lactation
Data on Linzolid use during pregnancy show no major risks but should only be used if necessary. It is present in breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should monitor infants for any adverse reactions.
Precautions & Warnings
Weekly monitoring of blood counts is recommended for patients on Linzolid, especially those on long-term treatment. If visual impairments occur, an ophthalmic evaluation is advised.
Storage Conditions
Store Linzolid at room temperature (15°C-30°C), protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
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