Glyriva 50

Indications

This inhalation capsule is prescribed as a once-daily maintenance treatment to alleviate symptoms in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It acts as a bronchodilator to help manage COPD effectively.

Pharmacology

Glycopyrronium is a long-acting antimuscarinic agent, also known as an anticholinergic, that targets muscarinic receptors M1 to M5. By inhibiting M3 receptors in the airways, it promotes relaxation of smooth muscle. This mechanism leads to significant and sustained bronchodilation, making it highly effective for COPD patients.

Dosage & Administration

For optimal results, inhale the contents of one 50 microgram capsule once daily using the provided inhalation device. Administer this dose at the same time each day. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Do not exceed one capsule every 24 hours.

Interactions

While no specific interaction studies have been conducted with other inhaled anticholinergic drugs, co-administration is generally not recommended. However, this inhalation capsule has been used alongside other common COPD treatments, such as sympathomimetic bronchodilators, methylxanthines, and corticosteroids, without significant drug interactions. It does not alter the pharmacokinetics of inhaled indacaterol.

Contraindications

Do not use this inhalation capsule if you have a known hypersensitivity to glycopyrronium or any component of the formulation.

Side Effects

Common side effects include dry mouth, cough, nasopharyngitis, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, neck pain, diabetes, gastroenteritis, and insomnia. Less frequent side effects may include paradoxical bronchospasm, dysphonia, angioedema, hypersensitivity reactions, pruritus, sinus congestion, and throat irritation. Elderly patients over 75 may experience more frequent urinary tract infections and headaches.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Pregnancy: There is insufficient data on the use of this inhalation capsule during pregnancy. Use only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks to the fetus.

Lactation: The excretion of glycopyrronium in human milk is unknown. Use with caution during breastfeeding, considering the benefit to the mother versus potential risk to the infant.

Fertility: Animal studies indicate no adverse effects on fertility in either males or females.

Precautions & Warnings

This inhalation capsule is intended for long-term maintenance and is not suitable for acute bronchospasm or as a rescue medication. It should not be used in individuals under 18 years of age. Use cautiously in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or urinary retention. Discontinue use immediately if signs of an allergic reaction, such as angioedema or severe breathing difficulties, occur. Paradoxical bronchospasm may occur and is potentially life-threatening; if it happens, discontinue the inhalation capsule immediately. In patients with severe renal impairment, including those on dialysis, use only if the benefits outweigh the risks.

Overdose Effects

Excessive doses of glycopyrronium may lead to anticholinergic effects, which should be managed symptomatically. Repeated doses of 100 and 200 micrograms daily for 28 days have been well tolerated in COPD patients. Inadvertent oral ingestion is unlikely to cause acute intoxication.

Therapeutic Class

Bronchodilator

Storage Conditions

Do not swallow this capsule. Use only with the designated inhalation device. Insert the Easycap into the Easyhaler for optimal performance. Remove the capsule from its blister pack immediately before use to avoid moisture-related issues. Store at temperatures not exceeding 30°C in a dry place, away from light and moisture.